天球儀

天球儀を描きました。

\documentclass[tikz,border=20pt]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw(5.5,9)--(-5.5,-9);

\fill[ball color=yellow](5.5,9)circle(0.5);
\draw(5.5,9)circle(0.5);
\fill[ball color=yellow](-5.5,-9)circle(0.5);
\draw(-5.5,-9)circle(0.5);

\fill[ball color=yellow](6.5,10.5)circle[x radius=1.2,y radius=0.5,rotate=-35];
\fill[ball color=yellow](-6.5,-10.5)circle[x radius=1.2,y radius=0.5,rotate=-35];
\draw(6.5,10.5)circle[x radius=1.2,y radius=0.5,rotate=-35];
\draw(-6.5,-10.5)circle[x radius=1.2,y radius=0.5,rotate=-35];

\fill[white](6.5,10.5)circle[x radius=0.8,y radius=0.3,rotate=-35];
\fill[white](-6.5,-10.5)circle[x radius=0.8,y radius=0.3,rotate=-35];
\draw(6.5,10.5)circle[x radius=0.8,y radius=0.3,rotate=-35];
\draw(-6.5,-10.5)circle[x radius=0.8,y radius=0.3,rotate=-35];

\fill[top color=white, bottom color=cyan!20!white](0,-12)circle[x radius=6,y radius=2];
\draw[cyan!80!green](0,-12)circle[x radius=6,y radius=2];
\draw[cyan!80!green](0,-12)circle[x radius=5.6,y radius=1.8];
\draw[cyan!80!green](0,-12)circle[x radius=3,y radius=1];
\draw[cyan!80!green](0,-12)circle[x radius=2.8,y radius=0.9];
\draw[cyan!80!green](-3.2,-10.5)--(5.6,-11.8)--(-2.6,-13.6)--cycle;
\draw[cyan!80!green](3.2,-10.5)--(-5.6,-11.8)--(2.6,-13.6)--cycle;

\fill[ball color=yellow](0,0)circle(8);
\draw(0,0)circle(8);
\fill[white](0,0)circle(7);
\draw(0,0)circle(7);
%3
\draw(7.45,0)node[scale=3.5]{\rotatebox{270}{$\mathbf{III} $}};

9 %
\draw(-7.45,0)node[scale=3.5]{\rotatebox{90}{$\mathbf{IX} $}};

10 %
\draw(-6.35,4)node[scale=3.5]{\rotatebox{60}{$\mathbf{X} $}};

%2
\draw(6.35,4)node[scale=3.5]{\rotatebox{300}{$\mathbf{II} $}};

%4
\draw(6.35,-4)node[scale=3.5]{\rotatebox{240}{$\mathbf{IV} $}};

8 %
\draw(-6.35,-4)node[scale=3.5]{\rotatebox{120}{$\mathbf{VIII} $}};

7 %
\draw(-3.75,-6.4)node[scale=3.5]{\rotatebox{150}{$\mathbf{VII} $}};

5 %
\draw(3.5,-6.6)node[scale=3.5]{\rotatebox{210}{$\mathbf{V} $}};

%1
\draw(3.9,6.4)node[scale=3.5]{\rotatebox{330}{$\mathbf{I} $}};

12 %
\draw(0,7.45)node[scale=3.5]{$\mathbf{XII} $};

%11
\draw(-3.8,6.4)node[scale=3.5]{\rotatebox{30}{$\mathbf{XI} $}};

%6
\draw(0,-7.45)node[scale=3.5]{\rotatebox{180}{$\mathbf{VI} $}};

\fill[ball color=yellow](2.75,4.5)arc[x radius=5,y radius=5.08,
   start angle=60,end angle=-124]--(3,5)arc[x radius=6,y radius=5.7,
   start angle=60,end angle=-120];
\fill[white,opacity=0.2](2.75,4.5)arc[x radius=5,y radius=5.08,
  start angle=60,end angle=-124]--(3,5)arc[x radius=6,y radius=5.7,
  start angle=60,end angle=-120];
\fill[white](2.75,4.5)arc[x radius=5,y radius=5.08,
  start angle=60,end angle=-124];

\draw(3.5,5.5)arc[x radius=6.2,y radius=6.8,
  start angle=60,end angle=230];

\draw(3,5)arc[x radius=6,y radius=5.7,
  start angle=60,end angle=-120];
\draw(2.75,4.5)arc[x radius=5,y radius=5.08,
  start angle=60,end angle=-124];

\draw(4,6.5)--(-4,-6.5);

\fill[ball color=yellow](-2.25,-3.6)circle(0.4);
\draw(-2.25,-3.6)circle(0.4);
\fill[ball color=yellow]
  (-2.1,-3.4)circle[x radius=1,y radius=0.4,rotate=330];
\draw(-2.1,-3.4)circle[x radius=1,y radius=0.4,rotate=330];

\fill[bottom color=blue!80!cyan, top color=white](0,0)circle(4);
\fill[white, opacity=0.4](0,0)circle(4);
\draw(0,0)circle(4);
\fill[top color=white, bottom color=cyan!50!white]
  (2.4,3.2)--(-1.7,-3.5)--(-2.3,-3)--(1.65,3.4);
\draw(2.4,3.2)--(-1.7,-3.5)--(-2.3,-3)--(1.65,3.4);

\fill[top color=white, bottom color=cyan!20!white]
  (2,3.25)circle[x radius=0.4,y radius=0.2,rotate=330];

\draw(2,3.25)circle[x radius=0.4,y radius=0.2,rotate=330];
\fill[top color=white, bottom color=cyan]
  (-2,-3.25)circle[x radius=0.4,y radius=0.2,rotate=330];
\draw(-2,-3.25)circle[x radius=0.4,y radius=0.2,rotate=330];
\draw[densely dotted](1.2,2)circle[x radius=3,y radius=1.4,rotate=330];
\fill[ball color=yellow](2,3.25)circle[x radius=1,y radius=0.4,rotate=330];
\draw(2,3.25)circle[x radius=1,y radius=0.4,rotate=330];

\draw[densely dotted](0,0)circle[x radius=4,y radius=1.8,rotate=330];

\draw[densely dotted](-1.2,-2)circle[x radius=3,y radius=1.4,rotate=330];

\fill[ball color=yellow](2.2,3.5)circle(0.4);
\draw(2.2,3.5)circle(0.4);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}