\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{luatexja}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[->,green!50!cyan,very thick](4.75,0)--(4.75,1.5);
\draw[->,green!50!cyan,very thick](7.25,0)--(7.25,5.5);
\draw[cyan](-0.5,3)node{\rotatebox{90}{エネルギー}};
\draw[green!50!cyan,very thick](3,0)--(9,0);
\draw[green!50!cyan,very thick](3,2)--(9,2);
\draw[green!50!cyan,very thick](3,6)--(9,6);
\draw[cyan,ultra thick,->](0,0)--(0,6);
\draw[->,red,very thick](1,2.5)--(3.5,0.5);
\fill[bottom color=red,top color=pink](2.25,1.5)circle(1);
\fill[white,opacity=0.8](2.25,1.5)circle(1);
\draw[red](2.25,1.5)circle(1);
\draw[red](2.25,1.7)node{赤外線};
\draw[red](2.25,1.3)node{(分子振動)};
\draw[->,blue!50!white,very thick](10.25,5)--(7.75,3);
\fill[left color=purple!50!blue,right color=yellow](9,4)circle(1);
\fill[white,opacity=0.8](9,4)circle(1);
\draw[blue!50!white](9,4)circle(1);
\draw[purple!50!blue](8.6,4.4)node{紫外/};
\draw[yellow!60!orange](9.3,4)node{可視光線};
\draw[blue!50!white](9,3.6)node{(電子遷移)};
\fill[top color=white,bottom color=cyan](4.75,0)circle(0.5);
\fill[white,opacity=0.9](4.75,0)circle(0.5);
\fill[top color=white,bottom color=cyan](4.75,2)circle(0.5);
\fill[white,opacity=0.7](4.75,2)circle(0.5);
\fill[top color=white,bottom color=cyan](7.25,0)circle(0.5);
\fill[white,opacity=0.9](7.25,0)circle(0.5);
\fill[top color=white,bottom color=cyan](7.25,6)circle(0.5);
\fill[white,opacity=0.7](7.25,6)circle(0.5);
\draw[cyan,densely dotted](4.75,0)circle(0.5);
\draw[cyan](4.75,2)circle(0.5);
\draw[cyan,densely dotted](7.25,0)circle(0.5);
\draw[cyan](7.25,6)circle(0.5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}